Nursing medicos

  Cataracts Cataracts are the clouding of the lens of your eye, which is normally clear. Most cataracts develop slowly over time, causing symptoms such as blurry vision. Cataracts can be surgically removed through an outpatient procedure that restores vision in nearly everyone. What is a cataract? A cataract develops when the lens in your eye, which is normally clear, becomes foggy. For your eye to see, light passes through a clear lens. The lens is behind your iris (colored part of your eye). The lens focuses the light so that your brain and eye can work together to process information into a picture. When a cataract clouds over the lens, your eye can’t focus light in the same way. This leads to blurry vision or other vision loss (trouble seeing). Your vision change depends on the cataract’s location and size. Who gets cataracts? Most people start getting cataracts around age 40. But you probably won’t notice symptoms until after age 60. Rarely, babies are born with cataracts due to a

  Nursing care plan for a patient with Epilepsy: Nursing care plan includes these steps: Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation Nursing Assessment Nursing assessment includes: History.  The diagnosis of epileptic seizures is made by analyzing the patient’s detailed clinical history and by performing ancillary tests for confirmation; someone who has observed the patient’s repeated events is usually the best person to provide an accurate history; however, the patient also provides invaluable details about auras, preservation of consciousness, and postictal states. Physical exam.  A physical examination helps in the diagnosis of specific epileptic syndromes that cause abnormal findings, such as dermatologic abnormalities (e.g., neurocutaneous syndromes such as Sturge-Weber, tuberous sclerosis, and others); also, patients who for years have had intractable generalized tonic-clonic seizures are likely to have suffered injuries requiring stitches. Nursing Diagnosis Based on

What is epilepsy? Epilepsy is a tendency to have recurring seizures. There are many different types of seizures but they are always due to abnormal electrical activity somewhere in the brain. At least two unprovoked (or reflex) seizures occurring more than 24 hours apart. One unprovoked (or reflex) seizure and a probability of further seizures similar to the general recurrence risk (at least 60%) after two unprovoked seizures, occurring over the next 10  years. Diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome. How is epilepsy diagnosed? Is it epilepsy or is it something else? If it is epilepsy, what sort of epilepsy is it? Where does it start in the brain? Is there any structural abnormality in the brain? What is needed for correct diagnosis? A full clinical history and a good description of the seizure/s; A physical and neurological examination; Investigations that may include an EEG recording and a CT scan or MRI brain scan Treatment Medication is usually the first-line treatment of epilepsy- 70% o

Bacterial Meningitis What is Bacterial Meningitis?  Meningitis  is one of the infectious disorders of the nervous system. Meningitis  is an inflammation of the lining around the brain and spinal cord caused by bacteria or viruses. Bacterial meningitis is caused by bacteria. Meningitis can be the primary reason a patient is hospitalized or can develop during hospitalization. Pathophysiology Meningeal infections generally originate in one of two ways: through the bloodstream or by direct spread. Brain surrounded by pus (the yellow-greyish coat around the brain, under the dura lifted by the forceps), the result of bacterial meningitis. A brain autopsy demonstrating signs of meningitis. The forceps (center) are retracting the dura mater (white). Underneath the dura mater are the leptomeninges, which appear to be edematous and have multiple small hemorrhagic foci(red). Transmission.   N. meningitidis  concentrates in the nasopharynx and is transmitted by secretion or aerosol contamination.