Dialysis

Dialysis

By Muqadas Rasheed (RN, bachelor in nursing sciences, specialized in OT, Burn, dialysis and midwifery)

Basic topics of this article.

  1. Purpose
  2. Types of dialysis
  3. Accidents
  4. Other ways to use dialysis
  5. Preparation
  6. Home dialysis
  7. Vision
  8. What is dialysis?

Kidneys  filter your blood by removing excess waste and fluids from your body. This waste is sent to the bladder to eliminate urination. Dialysis does kidney function if they fail. According to the National Kidney Foundation, the last kidney failure occurs when the kidneys function 10 to 15 percent of their normal function. Dialysis is a medical procedure that filters and purifies the blood using a machine. This helps keep your fluids and electrolytes at a level where the kidneys can do their job.

Dialysis has been used since the 1940's to treat people with kidney problems.

Why is dialysis used?

Effective kidneys prevent excess water, waste, and other wastes from accumulating in your body. They also help control blood pressure and regulate the level of chemical elements in the blood. These substances can include sodium and potassium. Your kidneys even use vitamin D, which improves calcium absorption.

When your kidneys are unable to perform these functions due to disease or injury, dialysis can help keep the body functioning as normally as possible. In addition to dialysis, salt and other wastes will accumulate in the bloodstream, poisoning the body and damaging other organs.

However, dialysis is not a cure for kidney disease or other kidney problems. Various therapies may be needed to address these concerns.

What are the different types of dialysis?

There are three different types of dialysis.

Hemodialysis tests

Hemodialysis is the most common type of dialysis. This procedure uses a prosthetic kidney (hemodialyser) to remove waste products and excess fluid from the bloodstream. Blood is removed from the body and filtered through artificial kidneys. The filtered blood is returned to the body with the help of a dialysis machine.

In order for blood to flow to the kidney transplant, your doctor will perform surgery to create an entrance (artery access) to your blood vessels. The three types of entry points are:

  • Arteriovenous (AV) fistula. This type connects vein to artery. It's an option.
  • AV connection. This type is an open tube.
  • Vascular access pipe. This can be inserted into a large vein in your neck.

Both the AV fistula and the AV graft are designed for treatment with long-term dialysis. People who get AV fistula recover and are ready to start hemodialysis two to three months after their surgery. People who receive AV art are ready in two to three weeks. Catheters are designed for temporary or temporary use.

Hemodialysis treatment regimens usually last three to five hours and are administered three times a week. However, hemodialysis treatment can also be completed in a short time, which is very common.

Most hemodialysis treatments are performed at a hospital, doctor's office, or dialysis center. The duration of treatment depends on your body size, the amount of waste in your body, and your current state of health.


After you have been on hemodialysis for a long time, your doctor may feel that you are ready to give yourself dialysis treatment at home. This option is more common for people who need long-term treatment.

Peritoneal dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis involves surgery to insert a peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter into your abdomen. The catheter helps to filter your blood through the peritoneum, the lining of your stomach. During treatment, a special fluid called dialysate enters the peritoneum. Dialysate absorbs waste. When dialysate absorbs waste products from the bloodstream, it is excreted in your stomach.

This process takes several hours and needs to be repeated four to six times a day. However, fluid exchange can be done while you are asleep or awake.

There are many different types of peritoneal dialysis. The key is:


Ambulatory peritoneal dialysis continuous (CAPD). In CAPD, your stomach is filled and emptied several times each day. This method does not require a machine and should be done while awake.

Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD). CCPD uses a machine to move fluid in and out of your stomach. It is usually done at night while you sleep.

Intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD). This treatment is usually done in a hospital, or can be done at home. It uses the same machine as CCPD, but the process takes longer.

Ongoing kidney transplant therapy (CRRT)

This treatment is mainly used in the intensive care unit of people with severe kidney failure. Also known as hemofiltration. The machine transfers blood through the tubing. Filter and remove waste and water. The blood is returned to the body, along with another fluid that replaces it. This procedure is performed 12 to 24 hours a day, usually daily.

Are there any risks associated with dialysis?

While all three forms of dialysis can save your life, they do have some risks. 

Risks associated with peritoneal dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis is associated with an increased risk of infection in or around the catheter area of ​​the abdomen. For example, after the insertion of a catheter, a person may develop peritonitis. Peritonitis is an infection of the lining of the stomach wall.

Risks associated with hemodialysis

The risks of Hemodialysis include:

  • low blood pressure
  • anemia, or lack of enough red blood cells
  • muscle cramps
  • difficulty sleeping
  • itching
  • high levels of potassium in the blood
  • pericarditis, inflammation of the lining around the heart
  • sepsis
  • bacteremia, or blood infection
  • irregular heartbeat
  • sudden cardiac death, the leading cause of death in dialysis

Other dangers include:

  • abdominal muscle contraction
  • high blood sugar due to dextrose in dialysate
  • weight gain
  • hernia
  • fever contraction

Comments

  1. UnknownAugust 6, 2021 at 2:21 AM

    Thanks alot Ma'am for your competent work and efforts. This article was very helpful in studies as well as in practice.

    ReplyDelete

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