What is nervous system| anatomy and physiology

 The anatomy and physiology of the nervous system

The nervous system is a complex network of nerves and nerve cells (neurons) that carry signals or messages to or from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body. It is made up of a central nervous system and a boundary sensory system.


central nervous system

The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The brain regulates many bodily functions, including awareness, movement, hearing, thoughts, speech, and memory. The spinal cord is attached to the brain at the base of the brain and is covered with spinal cord. The nerves extend from the spinal cord to both sides of the body. The spinal cord carries back and forth signals between the brain and nerves throughout the body.

peripheral nervous system

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is part of the nervous system outside the CNS. It is made up of nerves and ganglia that send signals and receive signals from the CNS. PNS is divided into the somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system regulates body movements that are under our control such as walking. The nervous system controls the non-autonomous functions performed by the body alone such as breathing and digestion.

Autonomic nervous system

The autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into sensitive and sensitive systems. The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for situations that require increased energy and awareness or situations that cause fear, anger, excitement or embarrassment. This is called a war or aircraft war. It makes the heart beat faster, makes you breathe faster and more deeply, stretches students and boosts metabolism. The parasympathetic nervous system has a rejuvenating effect on the body. It restores normal heart rate and breathing, slows students down and slows down body-saving energy.

Structure and function of the sensory nervous system

Sensitive nervous system structure


The sensory nervous system has the following components.

Sensitive series

The sympathetic chain is made up of a sympathetic chain ganglia that run in a series from head to tail (coccyx), on both sides of the spine. Ganglia are clusters of nerve cell bodies. The sympathetic chain ganglia send messages to the head, neck, lower body (trunk) and extremities during a war or flight.

sympathetic chain

The sympathetic chain ganglia affect the spinal nerves and nerves in the thoracic cavity. This helps to increase blood flow to the skeletal muscles and the brain, stimulates the production of skeletal muscle to use it, releases stored fat and stimulates sweat glands. It also increases heart rate, increases heart rate, and allows more air to enter the lungs.

Bond ganglia

The 3 bound ganglia are the celiac ganglion, the upper mesenteric ganglion and the lower mesenteric ganglion. They are in the abdomen in front of the spine. The pelvic ganglia send messages to the abdomen and pelvis.

Peripheral ganglia

Peripheral ganglia affect nerves in the abdomen and lower back. Touching these nerves reduces blood flow to the organs, slows down the digestive system, stimulates the liver to release glucose to give the body more energy, restores smooth muscles in the bladder wall and reduces urine production.

The adrenal medulla

Location:

The adrenal medulla is located in the middle of each adrenal gland. These glands have specialized neurons. When these neurons are activated, they release chemical messengers (called neurotransmitters) into the bloodstream that act as hormones.

Function:

The adrenal medulla is involved in the release of hormones, such as epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), into the bloodstream. Cells with epinephrine or norepinephrine receptors respond to these factors and participate in flight or fight response.

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